IEC IEC 62278-1 Edition 1.02025-07 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Railway applications - Specification and demonstration of reliability, availability, maintainability and safety (RAMS) - Part 1:Generic RAMS process IEC 62278-1:2025-07(en) ICS 45.060.01 ISBN 978-2-8327-0579-7 THISPUBLICATIONIS COPYRIGHTPROTECTED Copyright@2025IEC,Geneva,Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Commitee for further information. IEC Secretariat Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11 3,rue de Varembe [email protected] CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch Switzerland About the IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies. About IEC publications The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the latest edition,a corrigendum oran amendment might have been published. IECpublicationssearch IEC Products & Services Portal -products.iec.ch webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Discover our powerful search engine and read freely all the The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a publications previews, graphical symbols and the glossary. variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical With a subscription you will always have access to up to date committee, .).. It also gives. information on projects, content tailored to your needs. replaced and withdrawn publications Electropedia-www.electropedia.org IECJustPublished-webstore.iec.ch/justpublished The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology, Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details all new publications released. Available online and and French, with equivalent terms in 25 additional languages. once a month by email Also known as the international Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) online. IECCustomerServiceCentre-webstore.iec.ch/csc If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: [email protected]. Warning!Makesurethatyouobtainedthispublicationfromanauthorizeddistributor. IEC62278-1:2025@IEC2025 CONTENTS FOREWORD INTRODUCTION. 1 Scope. 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Abbreviatedterms 20 5 Railway RAMS..... .21 5.1 General.. .21 5.2 Multi-level system approach.. .22 5.2.1 .22 Conceptsof systemhierarchy 5.2.2 System requirements and characteristics. 23 5.2.3 Defining a system.... .24 5.3 Railway system overview .. 5.3.1 General .... 5.3.2 Stakeholders involved in a railway system ... 5.3.3 Railway system structure and apportionment of RAMS requirements ... 5.4 Railway RAMS and quality of service.... ...25 5.5 Elements of railway RAMS... .25 5.6 Factors influencing railway RAMS.... 5.6.1 General 5.6.2 Classes of failures .... 5.6.3 Derivation of detailed railway-specific influencing factors. .28 5.6.4 Human factors.. .32 5.7 Specification of railwayRAMS requirements .34 5.7.1 General. 34 5.7.2 .34 RAMS specification. 5.8 Risk based approach ... 35 5.9 Risk reduction strategy ... 5.9.1 General...... 5.9.2 Reduction of risks related to safety.. 5.9.3 Reduction of risks related toRAM.. .36 6 ManagementofrailwayRAMS-general requirements.. .37 6.1 General... .37 6.2 Life cycle for the system under consideration.. .37 6.3 Risk assessment... .45 6.4 Organizational requirements. .46 6.4.1 General. .46 6.4.2 6.5 Application of this document and adaptability to project scope and size ... 6.5.1 General requirements.... ....47 6.5.2 Case of complex systems with different hierarchical levels ... 6.5.3 Renewal within existing systems..... 6.5.4 Re-use or