TR 62422 @ IEC:2007(E) - 15 - They are used to prevent polymer surfaces from becoming electrostatically charged and attracting dust and dirt or generating sparks in areas where flammable or explosive materials are handled. Antistatics are widely used in electr(on)ic products. Generally, antistatics are based on amines, quaternary ammonium compounds, phosphate esters or poly(ethylene glycol). In addition, graphite, carbon black, metallic fibres or metallic glass are used. Biocides They are, for obvious reasons, poisonous in order to have the intended effect on mould, fungi and bacteria. Common biocides are oxybispheno oxarsine (OBPA) and octyl isothiazolone. Blowing agents Used for foaming plastics, they are materials with low boiling points, or substances which can form gas upon heating. Examples are alkanes, compounds and CFC or HCFC. azo Information on blowing agents should be collected with particular attention to their completeness and accuracy. Specific rubber additives The vulcanization process involves the use of many different additives such as vulcanizing OM agents, accelerators, activators and prevulcanization (scorch) inhibitors. Sulphur is the most commonvulcanizationagentbutperoxidesare alsooftenused.Examplesofaccelerators are sulphenamides, guandines, thiazoles, thiurames, dithiocarbamates and xanthates. To activate the accelerator, zinc oxide and stearic acid are usually added. As vulcanization should not occur before the product has been shaped, prevulcanization inhibitors such as salicylic acid or nitrosodiphenyl amine are also added to the rubber formulation. Antifogging additives Generally non ionic surfactants (e.g. glycerol esters, polyglycerol esters, sorbitan esters, NGALO ethoxylated sorbitan esters), these additives prevent or reduce the condensation of water in the form of small droplets which resemble fog. They function as mild wetting agents which spread over to the plastic surface and lower the surface tension of water, thereby causing it to spreadintoacontinuousfilm. Curing agents The act of converting a thermosetting resin into a more stable solid is called curing. The mechanism by which curing occurs is polymerizations or cross-linking. The chemical chosen to react with the resin is referred to as the curing agent (or hardener or catalyst etc.) The selection of the curing agent depends on many parameters and will determine, to a large extent, the performance of the final thermosetting material. A.1.3 Allocation rules The allocation of common environmental aspects during manufacturing of material shall be made in proportion to the manufacturing area (electrical energy) and volume (thermal energy) used for each different insulating material group. The annual share of common environmental aspects for a certain insulating material group shall then be distributed on the amount per year of that material group. A.1.4 Data quality requirements Site-specific data shall be used for processes under control of the organization providing the information. The mix of electricity used can be approximated as the official one in the country of manufacture if site-specific data cannot be obtained. The mix of electricity should be reported. TR 62422 @ IEC:2007(E) - 16 - Hazardous waste is defined according to reference standard (e.g.: by Eu Directives 91/689/EEC and 75/442/EEC forEuropeancountries). A.1.5 Transport contribution Transport to manufacturer with actual transportation and distance from the suppliers. Ceramics insulating materials A.2 A.2.1 Referenceflow The reference flow for the calculation shall be the unit of mass of the insulating material as provided to the customer (e.g. 1 kg of electrical porcelain). In order to be consistent with LCA a reference technical functionality should be assigned to various materials, depending on the chemical-physical transformations according to specific characterization values (e.g. compression, impact strength) defined by specific IsO standards. ENS A.2.2 System boun