论文标题
长期平衡可以确定瞬态热力
Long-time equilibration can determine transient thermality
论文作者
论文摘要
当两个最初的热多体系统开始强烈相互作用时，即使系统最终达到平衡，它们的瞬态状态也会迅速变为非gibbsian。为了在短暂性方面看到这种明显缺乏结构，我们使用了精致的热概念，我们称之为G-local。如果其所有小子系统的状态都是全球热状态的边际，则系统是G-locachody thermal。我们在数值上证明了两个谐波晶格，每当总系统在长期内平衡时，每个晶状体始终保持G-局部热量，包括瞬态状态。即使晶格内部具有长期相互作用，也是如此。在所有情况下，我们都会发现平衡是由广义吉布斯集团描述的，三维晶格需要特殊处理，这是由于其扩展的保守电荷。我们将我们的发现与众所周知的两个温度模型进行了比较。尽管其标准形式在弱耦合之外无效，但我们表明，在强耦合下，它可以通过采用G-local温度的概念来部分打捞。
When two initially thermal many-body systems start interacting strongly, their transient states quickly become non-Gibbsian, even if the systems eventually equilibrate. To see beyond this apparent lack of structure during the transient regime, we use a refined notion of thermality, which we call g-local. A system is g-locally thermal if the states of all its small subsystems are marginals of global thermal states. We numerically demonstrate for two harmonic lattices that whenever the total system equilibrates in the long run, each lattice remains g-locally thermal at all times, including the transient regime. This is true even when the lattices have long-range interactions within them. In all cases, we find that the equilibrium is described by the generalized Gibbs ensemble, with three-dimensional lattices requiring special treatment due to their extended set of conserved charges. We compare our findings with the well-known two-temperature model. While its standard form is not valid beyond weak coupling, we show that at strong coupling it can be partially salvaged by adopting the concept of a g-local temperature.
