论文标题
蒙特卡洛树搜索算法,用于风险了解和多目标增强学习
Monte Carlo Tree Search Algorithms for Risk-Aware and Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning
论文作者
论文摘要
在许多风险感知和多目标的增强学习设置中,用户的实用程序来自策略的单个执行。在这些情况下,根据平均未来收益做出决定是不合适的。例如,在医疗环境中,患者只有一个机会治疗疾病。仅使用预期的未来回报做出决定 - 在强化学习中被称为价值 - 无法解释决策可能具有的不利或积极结果的潜在范围。因此,我们应该以不同的方式使用分配,以代表代理商在决策时间所需的关键信息,同时考虑未来和应计收益。在本文中,我们提出了两种新颖的蒙特卡洛树搜索算法。首先,我们提出了一种蒙特卡洛树搜索算法,该算法可以通过优化可从单个策略执行中获得的不同可能收益的实用程序来计算非线性实用程序功能(NLU-MCT)的策略,从而为风险意识和多目标设置提供良好的政策。其次,我们提出了一种扩展NLU-MCT的分布蒙特卡洛树搜索算法(DMCTS)。 DMCTS计算回报效用的后验分布,并在计划期间利用汤普森采样来计算风险意识和多目标设置中的策略。两种算法在多目标增强学习中的最新算法都优于回报的预期效用。
In many risk-aware and multi-objective reinforcement learning settings, the utility of the user is derived from a single execution of a policy. In these settings, making decisions based on the average future returns is not suitable. For example, in a medical setting a patient may only have one opportunity to treat their illness. Making decisions using just the expected future returns -- known in reinforcement learning as the value -- cannot account for the potential range of adverse or positive outcomes a decision may have. Therefore, we should use the distribution over expected future returns differently to represent the critical information that the agent requires at decision time by taking both the future and accrued returns into consideration. In this paper, we propose two novel Monte Carlo tree search algorithms. Firstly, we present a Monte Carlo tree search algorithm that can compute policies for nonlinear utility functions (NLU-MCTS) by optimising the utility of the different possible returns attainable from individual policy executions, resulting in good policies for both risk-aware and multi-objective settings. Secondly, we propose a distributional Monte Carlo tree search algorithm (DMCTS) which extends NLU-MCTS. DMCTS computes an approximate posterior distribution over the utility of the returns, and utilises Thompson sampling during planning to compute policies in risk-aware and multi-objective settings. Both algorithms outperform the state-of-the-art in multi-objective reinforcement learning for the expected utility of the returns.