论文标题
大量簇中有源银河核发生率的宇宙演化:模拟与观察
Cosmic evolution of the incidence of Active Galactic Nuclei in massive clusters: Simulations versus observations
论文作者
论文摘要
本文探讨了小规模环境($ <1 $ mpc)在大规模星系簇中活跃的银河核(AGN)的发生率,通过研究活性银河核(AGN)的发生率,将吸积事件调节到超大型黑洞中。灵活的,数据驱动的半经验模型是基于最小参数集开发的,并且在零阶的假设下,星系中AGN的发生率与环境无关。这用于预测X射线X射线在巨大的暗物质光环中选择的AGN的分数如何($ \ gtrsim 3 \ times 10^{14} \,m _ {\ odot} $)随偶然而演变,并揭示出与观测值的紧张关系。在高红移,$ z \ sim1.2 $,模型低估的AGN分数,尤其是在高X射线亮度下,$ l_x(\ rm 2-10 \,kev)\ gtrsim 10^{44} {44} \在低红移,$ z \ sim0.2 $,该模型估计中等光度agn的分数($ l_x(\ rm 2-10 \,kev)\ gtrsim 10^{43} \,erg \ \,erg \ \,s^{ - 1} $,是比观察到$ 2-3 $ $ 2-3 $的因素。这些发现拒绝了半经验模型取决于零阶假设,并指出了小规模环境对黑洞生长的强烈和红移依赖性的影响。相对于$ z \ sim1.2 $的模型期望,星系群似乎促进了AGN活性,并将其抑制到今天。这些趋势可以通过星系对更高红移的气体含量的增加,并在落在簇上的星系中的早期时代有效触发AGN的有效触发。
This paper explores the role of small-scale environment ($<1$ Mpc) in modulating accretion events onto supermassive black holes by studying the incidence of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in massive clusters of galaxies. A flexible, data-driven semi-empirical model is developed based on a minimal set of parameters and under the zero order assumption that the incidence of AGN in galaxies is independent of environment. This is used to predict how the fraction of X-ray selected AGN among galaxies in massive dark matter halos ($\gtrsim 3\times 10^{14}\,M_{\odot}$) evolves with redshift and reveal tensions with observations. At high redshift, $z\sim1.2$, the model underpredicts AGN fractions, particularly at high X-ray luminosities, $L_X(\rm 2-10\,keV) \gtrsim 10^{44}\, erg \, s^{-1}$. At low redshift, $z\sim0.2$, the model estimates fractions of moderate luminosity AGN ($L_X(\rm 2-10\,keV) \gtrsim 10^{43}\, erg \, s^{-1}$) that are a factor of $2-3$ higher than the observations. These findings reject the zero order assumption on which the semi-empirical model hinges and point to a strong and redshift-dependent influence of the small-scale environment on the growth of black holes. Cluster of galaxies appear to promote AGN activity relative to the model expectation at $z\sim1.2$ and suppress it close to the present day. These trends could be explained by the increasing gas content of galaxies toward higher redshift combined with an efficient triggering of AGN at earlier times in galaxies that fall onto clusters.