论文标题
通过表面能量调节的冰形成在原星盘中耗尽气体CO
Depletion of gaseous CO in protoplanetary disks by surface-energy-regulated ice formation
论文作者
论文摘要
原星盘基本特性的经验约束对于理解行星形成和行星特性至关重要（1,2）。一氧化碳（CO）气体通常用于限制磁盘性能（3）。然而，估计表明，磁盘中的CO气体丰度相对于预期值（4,5,6,7）耗尽，并且影响CO丰度的各种磁盘过程的模型无法解释这一耗竭的1myr时尺度（8,9,11,10,11,11,12,12,13,14）。在这里，我们证明了对磁盘中颗粒（例如开尔文效应）的表面能量影响，当冰异构成在现有粒子上时会在其冰期有效地捕获CO时会产生。在以前的冰形成模型中，将小冰涂的颗粒抬高到温暖的磁盘层时释放了CO气体。我们的模型可以在研究最多的四个原月经磁盘中重现气态CO的丰度，分布和时间演变（7）。我们在中平面和磁盘扩散率上限制了固体和气态CO库存，并解决了磁盘质量估计的不一致之处 - 控制行星形成的三个关键参数。
Empirical constraints of fundamental properties of protoplanetary disks are essential for understanding planet formation and planetary properties (1,2). Carbon monoxide (CO) gas is often used to constrain disk properties (3). However, estimates show that the CO gas abundance in disks is depleted relative to expected values (4,5,6,7), and models of various disk processes impacting the CO abundance could not explain this depletion on observed 1Myr timescales (8,9,10,11,12,13,14). Here we demonstrate that surface energy effects on particles in disks, such as the Kelvin effect, that arise when ice heterogeneously nucleates onto an existing particle can efficiently trap CO in its ice phase. In previous ice formation models, CO gas was released when small ice-coated particles were lofted to warmed disk layers. Our model can reproduce the observed abundance, distribution and time evolution of gaseous CO in the four most studied protoplanetary disks (7). We constrain the solid and gaseous CO inventory at the midplane and disk diffusivities and resolve inconsistencies in estimates of the disk mass -- three crucial parameters that control planetary formation.
