论文标题

省略于实时系统进行有效的系统审核

Ellipsis: Towards Efficient System Auditing for Real-Time Systems

论文作者

Bansal, Ayoosh, Kandikuppa, Anant, Chen, Chien-Ying, Hasan, Monowar, Bates, Adam, Mohan, Sibin

论文摘要

系统审核是一种强大的工具,可洞悉计算系统中可疑事件的性质,从而允许机器运营商检测并随后研究安全事件。虽然审计对传统计算机的安全性非常宝贵,但现有的审计框架很少设计,并考虑实时系统(RTS)。系统审核提供的透明度将在各种关键的安全RTS域(例如自动驾驶汽车)中带来巨大好处;但是,如果未仔细整合审计机制,则可以使审计无效,并违反RTS的现实时间要求。 在本文中,我们演示了如何将商品审核框架调整为RTS。我们首先将Linux审核作为案例研究,首先证明商品框架产生的审计事件的数量在实时(RT)应用程序的时间和资源约束中是不可持续的。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了Ellipsis,这是一套基于内核的还原技术,这些技术利用了RT应用程序的定期重复性,以积极降低系统级审计的成本。 Ellipsis在保留意外活动的详细记录的同时,对RT应用程序的预期活动产生简洁的描述,从而在满足时间限制的同时对可疑活动进行分析。我们使用Ardupilot(开源自动驾驶仪应用程序套件)对省略号的评估表明,审核日志生成最高可下降93%。

System auditing is a powerful tool that provides insight into the nature of suspicious events in computing systems, allowing machine operators to detect and subsequently investigate security incidents. While auditing has proven invaluable to the security of traditional computers, existing audit frameworks are rarely designed with consideration for Real-Time Systems (RTS). The transparency provided by system auditing would be of tremendous benefit in a variety of security-critical RTS domains, (e.g., autonomous vehicles); however, if audit mechanisms are not carefully integrated into RTS, auditing can be rendered ineffectual and violate the real-world temporal requirements of the RTS. In this paper, we demonstrate how to adapt commodity audit frameworks to RTS. Using Linux Audit as a case study, we first demonstrate that the volume of audit events generated by commodity frameworks is unsustainable within the temporal and resource constraints of real-time (RT) applications. To address this, we present Ellipsis, a set of kernel-based reduction techniques that leverage the periodic repetitive nature of RT applications to aggressively reduce the costs of system-level auditing. Ellipsis generates succinct descriptions of RT applications' expected activity while retaining a detailed record of unexpected activities, enabling analysis of suspicious activity while meeting temporal constraints. Our evaluation of Ellipsis, using ArduPilot (an open-source autopilot application suite) demonstrates up to 93% reduction in audit log generation.

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