论文标题
通过在线分歧最小化自适应领域的概括
Adaptive Domain Generalization via Online Disagreement Minimization
论文作者
论文摘要
当部署和培训之间存在分配变化时,深层神经网络的性能恶化严重。域的概括(DG)旨在通过仅依靠一组源域来安全地传输模型以看不见目标域。尽管已经提出了各种DG方法,但最近的一项名为Domainbed的研究表明,其中大多数没有超过简单的经验风险最小化(ERM)。为此,我们提出了一个通用框架,该框架与现有的DG算法是正交的,并且可以始终如一地提高其性能。与以前的DG作品不同的是,在静态源模型上有希望成为通用的DG,我们提出的ADAODM会在测试时间自适应地修改不同目标域的测试时间。具体而言,我们在共享域形成特征提取器上创建多个特定于域的分类器。特征提取器和分类器以对抗性方式进行了训练,在该方式中,特征提取器将输入样品嵌入到域不变的空间中,并且多个分类器捕获了每个分类器与每个特定源域有关的独特决策边界。在测试过程中,可以通过利用源分类器之间的预测分歧来有效地衡量目标和源域之间的分布差异。通过微调源模型以最大程度地减少测试时间的分歧,目标域特征与不变特征空间很好地对齐。我们验证了两种流行的DG方法,即ERM和Coral,以及四个DG基准,即VLCS,PACS,OfficeHome和TerrainCognita。结果表明,ADAODM稳定地提高了对看不见的域的概括能力,并实现了最先进的性能。
Deep neural networks suffer from significant performance deterioration when there exists distribution shift between deployment and training. Domain Generalization (DG) aims to safely transfer a model to unseen target domains by only relying on a set of source domains. Although various DG approaches have been proposed, a recent study named DomainBed, reveals that most of them do not beat the simple Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM). To this end, we propose a general framework that is orthogonal to existing DG algorithms and could improve their performance consistently. Unlike previous DG works that stake on a static source model to be hopefully a universal one, our proposed AdaODM adaptively modifies the source model at test time for different target domains. Specifically, we create multiple domain-specific classifiers upon a shared domain-generic feature extractor. The feature extractor and classifiers are trained in an adversarial way, where the feature extractor embeds the input samples into a domain-invariant space, and the multiple classifiers capture the distinct decision boundaries that each of them relates to a specific source domain. During testing, distribution differences between target and source domains could be effectively measured by leveraging prediction disagreement among source classifiers. By fine-tuning source models to minimize the disagreement at test time, target domain features are well aligned to the invariant feature space. We verify AdaODM on two popular DG methods, namely ERM and CORAL, and four DG benchmarks, namely VLCS, PACS, OfficeHome, and TerraIncognita. The results show AdaODM stably improves the generalization capacity on unseen domains and achieves state-of-the-art performance.