论文标题
非本地媒体中的二维孤子:简短评论
Two-dimensional solitons in nonlocal media: a brief review
论文作者
论文摘要
这是针对非本地非线性系统中类似孤子状态的评论。关于这个主题的工作历史悠久。在文献中已经审查了一些发现,例如热非线性支持的光学孤子,以及液晶中的定向非线性,因此在本文中进行了审查,因此它们以简短形式在本综述中概述。最近开始启动了其他一些研究,例如由线性非本地运算符代表的分数衍射模型的那些研究,因此在累积更多结果时详细审查它们是很重要的。本文提供了后一个主题的简短概述。本文的主要部分是在源自Bose-Einstein冷凝物研究(BEC)的特定模型中获得的二维(2D)孤子的结果摘要,这些模型已经足够成熟,但尚未审查。这些尤其是各向异性准2D孤子子,由磁原子的冷凝水和巨型涡流孤子子中的远距离偶极 - 偶极相互作用支持,这些巨型旋风构成,对于绕线数的高值,以及与自动环动作的较高绕线数的高值,以及2D涡流的旋风。涡旋孤子是混合类型的状态,其中包括物质波和电磁波组件。在由两个不同的原子状态组成的二进制BEC中,两种组分物质波与微波场的谐振相互作用支持它们,从而支持它们。其他一些主题以简短的形式包括在评论中。
This is a review addressing soliton-like states in systems with nonlocal nonlinearity. The work on this topic has long history. Some findings, such as optical solitons supported by thermal nonlinearity, and by the orientational nonlinearity in liquid crystals, have been reviewed in the literature, therefore they are outlined in the present review in a brief form. Some other studies, such as those addressing models with fractional diffraction, which is represented by a linear nonlocal operator, have started recently, therefore it will be relevant to review them in detail when more results are accumulated; the present article provides a short outline of the latter topic. The main part of the article is a summary of results obtained for two-dimensional (2D) solitons in specific models originating in studies of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), which are sufficiently mature but have not yet been reviewed. These are, in particular, anisotropic quasi-2D solitons supported by long-range dipole-dipole interactions in a condensate of magnetic atoms, and giant vortex solitons, which are stable for high values of the winding number, as well as 2D vortex solitons of the latter type moving with self-acceleration. The vortex solitons are states of a hybrid type, which include matter-wave and electromagnetic-wave components. They are supported, in a binary BEC composed of two different atomic states, by the resonant interaction of the two-component matter waves with a microwave field which couples the two atomic states. Some other topics are included in the review in a brief form.