论文标题

累积极化与界面铁电的电导率共存

Cumulative Polarization Coexisting with Conductivity at Interfacial Ferroelectrics

论文作者

Deb, Swarup, Cao, Wei, Raab, Noam, Watanabe, Kenji, Taniguchi, Takashi, Goldstein, Moshe, Kronik, Leeor, Urbakh, Michael, Hod, Oded, Shalom, Moshe Ben

论文摘要

最近已经预测了原子薄双层结构中的铁电性,并在具有六边形的六边形(2D)材料中测量了[2-4]。有趣的是,晶体对称性将平行2D层之间的横向移动转化为平面电动极化中的符号变化,这种机制称为“幻灯片三位型” [4]。然而,这些观察结果仅限于在低电荷载体密度下仅在两个极化状态之间切换[5-12],从而强烈限制了显示现象的实际应用[13]。为了克服这些问题,需要探索在多层范德华(VDW)堆栈中产生的两极分化的性质,如何由内部和间层间电荷再分配支配,以及它在多大程度上幸存下来的移动电荷载体,所有这些载体目前都是未知的14。为了探索这些问题,我们对平行WSE2和MOS2多​​层进行表面电势测量,具有极性界面的对齐和反将的配置。我们发现均匀间隔,几乎脱钩的潜在步骤,表明高度狭窄的界面电场,这提供了设计多状态“梯子铁电气”的手段。此外,我们发现内部极化在移动电荷载体密度高达1013 cm-2的静电掺杂时仍然具有重要意义,并且平面内电导率很大。使用基于密度功能理论(DFT)的第一原理计算,我们在实际和动量空间中追踪额外的电荷再分配,并确定最终掺杂诱导的去极化机制。

Ferroelectricity in atomically thin bilayer structures has been recently predicted1 and measured[2-4] in two-dimensional (2D) materials with hexagonal non-centrosymmetric unit-cells. Interestingly, the crystal symmetry translates lateral shifts between parallel 2D layers to a change of sign in their out-of-plane electric polarization, a mechanism referred to as "Slide-Tronics"[4]. These observations, however, have been restricted to switching between only two polarization states under low charge carrier densities[5-12], strongly limiting the practical application of the revealed phenomena[13]. To overcome these issues, one needs to explore the nature of the polarization that arises in multi-layered van der Waals (vdW) stacks, how it is governed by intra- and inter-layer charge redistribution, and to which extent it survives the introduction of mobile charge carriers, all of which are presently unknown14. To explore these questions, we conduct surface potential measurements of parallel WSe2 and MoS2 multi-layers with aligned and anti-aligned configurations of the polar interfaces. We find evenly spaced, nearly decoupled potential steps, indicating highly confined interfacial electric fields, which provide means to design multi-state "ladder ferroelectrics". Furthermore, we find that the internal polarization remains significant upon electrostatic doping of a mobile charge carrier density as high as 1013 cm-2, with substantial in-plane conductivity. Using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT), we trace the extra charge redistribution in real and momentum space and identify an eventual doping-induced depolarization mechanism.

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