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Manufacturing plays a significant role in economic development, production, exports, and job creation, which ultimately contribute to improving the quality of life. The presence of manufacturing defects is, however, inevitable leading to products being discarded, i.e. scrapped. In some cases, defective products can be repaired through rework. Scrap and rework cause a longer completion time, which can contribute to orders being shipped late. Moreover, the presence of uncertainties and combinatorial complexity significantly increases the difficulty of complex manufacturing scheduling. This paper tackles this challenge, exemplified by a case study on stochastic job-shop scheduling in low-volume, high-variety manufacturing contexts. To ensure on-time delivery, high-quality solutions are required, and near-optimal solutions must be obtained within strict time constraints to ensure smooth operations on the job-shop floor. To efficiently solve the stochastic job-shop scheduling (JSS) problem, a recently-developed Surrogate "Level-Based" Lagrangian Relaxation is used to reduce computational effort while efficiently exploiting the geometric convergence potential inherent to Polyak's stepsizing formula thereby leading to fast convergence. Numerical testing demonstrates that the new method is two orders of magnitude faster as compared to commercial solvers.