论文标题
如何解决大问题：定制与平台策略
How to Solve Big Problems: Bespoke Versus Platform Strategies
论文作者
论文摘要
政府和商业应该如何解决大问题？以大胆的飞跃或许多较小的动作？我们表明，定制的，一次性的项目比在可重复平台上建立的项目容易获得较差的结果。可重复的项目更便宜，更快，并且规模较低。我们比较了NASA和SpaceX的203个空间任务的证据，成本，市场上的时间表，时间表和可扩展性。我们发现SpaceX的平台策略比NASA的定制策略快10倍和2倍。此外，SpaceX的平台策略在财务上的风险较小，实际上消除了成本超支。最后，我们表明，实现平台可重复性是一个涉及实验学习序列的战略性勤奋过程。政府发现难以控制支出或时间表或实现计划中的福利（例如健康，教育，气候，国防）的经济部门，对于平台重新考虑是成熟的。
How should government and business solve big problems? In bold leaps or in many smaller moves? We show that bespoke, one-off projects are prone to poorer outcomes than projects built on a repeatable platform. Repeatable projects are cheaper, faster, and scale at lower risk of failure. We compare evidence from 203 space missions at NASA and SpaceX, on cost, speed-to-market, schedule, and scalability. We find that SpaceX's platform strategy was 10X cheaper and 2X faster than NASA's bespoke strategy. Moreover, SpaceX's platform strategy was financially less risky, virtually eliminating cost overruns. Finally, we show that achieving platform repeatability is a strategically diligent process involving experimental learning sequences. Sectors of the economy where governments find it difficult to control spending or timeframes or to realize planned benefits - e.g., health, education, climate, defence - are ripe for a platform rethink.
