论文标题

行星碎片污染的超冷白矮人的光谱分析

Spectral analysis of ultra-cool white dwarfs polluted by planetary debris

论文作者

Elms, Abbigail K., Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel, Gänsicke, Boris T., Koester, Detlev, Hollands, Mark A., Fusillo, Nicola P. Gentile, Cunningham, Tim, Apps, Kevin

论文摘要

我们确定两个Ultra-Cool($ t_ \ Mathrm {eff} <4000 $ k)金属污染(dz)白色矮人WDJ2147 $ - $ 4035和WDJ1922 $+$+$+$ 0233,是最酷的和第二酷的DZ星,与$ T_ \ Mathrm和$ t_ feff iff y Mathrm和$ tef feff} \分别为3340 $ k。强烈的大气碰撞引起的吸收(CIA)导致WDJ1922 $+$ 0233中红色光学和红外通量的抑制,鉴于其低温,导致异常蓝色。 WDJ2147 $ - $ 4035具有适度的红外CIA,但具有DZ White Dwarf的最红色光学色。在我们的模型大气代码中,微物理学改善了非理想效应和CIA的泥潭,为这些超冷恒星的观察提供了合理的解决方案。 WDJ2147 $ - $ 4035的冷却年龄超过10 GYR,这是DZ White Dwarf闻名的最大的GYR,而WDJ1922 $+$ 0233略年轻,冷却年龄为9 Gyr。从精确的GAIA EDR3天文学中计算出的银河运动学计算揭示了这些超冷DZ星的可能成员,因此在未来的研究中,它们可能是关键对象,从而限制了银河系盘的上年龄限制。我们提供了两个对象的中间分辨率光谱,它提供了WDJ2147 $ - $ 4035的首次光谱观察结果。除了WDJ1922 $+$ 0233的钙外,在两个白矮人中都进行了钠和钾的检测,并在WDJ2147 $ -4035中进行锂。我们从锂电缆中的Zeeman分裂中识别WDJ2147 $ - $ 4035的磁性,还可以对碳进行暂定检测,因此我们将此恒星归类为DZQH。 WDJ1922 $+$ 0233可能会吸收行星地壳碎片,而污染WDJ2147 $ - $ 4035的碎片组成仍然不受限制。

We identify two ultra-cool ($T_\mathrm{eff} < 4000$ K) metal-polluted (DZ) white dwarfs WDJ2147$-$4035 and WDJ1922$+$0233 as the coolest and second coolest DZ stars known to date with $T_\mathrm{eff} \approx 3050$ K and $T_\mathrm{eff} \approx 3340$ K, respectively. Strong atmospheric collision-induced absorption (CIA) causes the suppression of red optical and infra-red flux in WDJ1922$+$0233, resulting in an unusually blue colour given its low temperature. WDJ2147$-$4035 has moderate infra-red CIA yet has the reddest optical colours known for a DZ white dwarf. Microphysics improvements to the non-ideal effects and CIA opacities in our model atmosphere code yields reasonable solutions to observations of these ultra-cool stars. WDJ2147$-$4035 has a cooling age of over 10 Gyr which is the largest known for a DZ white dwarf, whereas WDJ1922$+$0233 is slightly younger with a cooling age of 9 Gyr. Galactic kinematics calculations from precise Gaia EDR3 astrometry reveal these ultra-cool DZ stars as likely members of the Galactic disc thus they could be pivotal objects in future studies constraining an upper age limit for the disc of the Milky Way. We present intermediate-resolution spectroscopy for both objects, which provides the first spectroscopic observations of WDJ2147$-$4035. Detections of sodium and potassium are made in both white dwarfs, in addition to calcium in WDJ1922$+$0233 and lithium in WDJ2147$-$4035. We identify the magnetic nature of WDJ2147$-$4035 from Zeeman splitting in the lithium line and also make a tentative detection of carbon, so we classify this star as DZQH. WDJ1922$+$0233 likely accreted planetary crust debris, while the debris composition that polluted WDJ2147$-$4035 remains unconstrained.

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