论文标题
从驾驶模拟器图像朝着视图不变的车速检测
Towards view-invariant vehicle speed detection from driving simulator images
论文作者
论文摘要
与其他技术(例如电感回路,雷达或激光器)相比,使用摄像机进行车速测量的成本效益要高得多。但是,由于相机的固有局限性提供了准确的范围估计,因此准确的速度测量仍然是一个挑战。此外,基于经典的视觉方法对相机和道路之间的外部校准非常敏感。在这种情况下,使用数据驱动的方法是一种有趣的选择。但是,数据收集需要一个复杂且昂贵的设置,以在与高精度速度传感器同步的相机中录制视频,以生成地面真相速度值。最近已经证明,使用驾驶模拟器(例如,Carla)可以作为生成大型合成数据集的强大替代方案,以实现对单个相机进行深度学习技术的应用。在本文中,我们使用在不同的虚拟位置和不同外部参数的多个摄像机研究相同的问题。我们解决了复杂的3D-CNN体系结构是否能够使用单个模型隐式学习视图速度的问题,或者特定于视图的模型是否更合适。结果非常有前途,因为它们表明了一个带有来自多个视图的数据报告的单个模型比摄像头特异性模型更好的准确性,从而铺平了迈向视图的车辆速度测量系统。
The use of cameras for vehicle speed measurement is much more cost effective compared to other technologies such as inductive loops, radar or laser. However, accurate speed measurement remains a challenge due to the inherent limitations of cameras to provide accurate range estimates. In addition, classical vision-based methods are very sensitive to extrinsic calibration between the camera and the road. In this context, the use of data-driven approaches appears as an interesting alternative. However, data collection requires a complex and costly setup to record videos under real traffic conditions from the camera synchronized with a high-precision speed sensor to generate the ground truth speed values. It has recently been demonstrated that the use of driving simulators (e.g., CARLA) can serve as a robust alternative for generating large synthetic datasets to enable the application of deep learning techniques for vehicle speed estimation for a single camera. In this paper, we study the same problem using multiple cameras in different virtual locations and with different extrinsic parameters. We address the question of whether complex 3D-CNN architectures are capable of implicitly learning view-invariant speeds using a single model, or whether view-specific models are more appropriate. The results are very promising as they show that a single model with data from multiple views reports even better accuracy than camera-specific models, paving the way towards a view-invariant vehicle speed measurement system.