论文标题
按TimePix3拨回时间：关于TimePix3的计时性能的研究
Dialing back time on Timepix3: A study on the timing performance of Timepix3
论文作者
论文摘要
为了促进对像素化读数芯片中定时系统学的理解，并为未来快速定时探测器的利益有助于HL-LHC中的4D跟踪技术，我们已经对TimePix3的时机进行了详细的研究，该研究是由Medipix合作开发的Hybrid Pixel检测器的TimePix3。这些研究使用三种不同的测量技术来研究该检测器的时机系统：测试脉冲，测试梁和我们为这项工作构建的激光设置。用测试梁和激光确定像素矩阵上的平均延迟，并显示不同TimePix3芯片的相同结构。延迟的差异导致与4 ns大约4 ns的像素矩阵的最大差异，这与1.56 ns的时间箱相比很大。通过在每个像素水平上校正这种差异，根据传感器的不同，时间分辨率平均改善了159 ps。在时间行走校正后实现的最佳时间分辨率以及对单像素平均延迟的差异为686.4 $ \ pm $ \ pm $ 0.2 ps，单个TimePix3芯片（具有200 $μ\ text {m} $ planar Silicon传感器，而不是892.9 $ pp pm $ 0.3 correction。但是，这种改善的时间分辨率还不是预期的451 PS的天真预期时间分辨率。该延迟的起源是通过此激光设置确定的，这是由于信号传播的组合以及像素内快速振荡器的启动时间的差异。这项工作表明，对于下一代像素探测器纠正这些系统的时序效应至关重要，以达到更好的时间分辨率，以帮助HL-LHC中的4D跟踪技术。
For the advancement of the understanding of timing systematics in pixelized readout chips and for the benefit of future fast timing detectors to aid 4D tracking technology in the HL-LHC, we have performed detailed studies of the timing properties of the Timepix3, a hybrid pixel detector developed by the Medipix collaboration. These studies use three different measurement techniques to investigate the timing systematics of this detector: test pulses, testbeam, and a laser setup that we build for this work. The average delay over the pixel matrix is determined with the testbeam and the laser and shows the same structure for different Timepix3 chips. The difference in delay results in a maximum difference over the pixel matrix of around 4 ns, which is large compared to the time bins of 1.56 ns. By correcting for this difference on a per-pixel level, the time resolution is on average improved with 159 ps depending on the sensor. The best time resolution that is achieved after a timewalk correction and a correction for the difference in the average delay per pixel is 686.4$\pm$0.2 ps for a single Timepix3 chip with a 200 $μ\text{m}$ planar silicon sensor, compared to a time resolution of 892.9$\pm$0.3 ps without any correction. However, this improved time resolution is not yet the naively expected time resolution of 451 ps. The origin of this delay is determined with this laser setup, and is due to a combination of signal propagation and a difference of the start-up time of the fast oscillator within the pixels. This work indicates that it is vital for next generation pixel detectors to correct for these systematic timing effects in order to reach a better time resolution to aid 4D tracking technology in the HL-LHC.
