论文标题
辐射混合层:湍流燃烧的见解
Radiative Mixing Layers: Insights from Turbulent Combustion
论文作者
论文摘要
在存在多相气体,剪切和辐射冷却的地方都会出现辐射混合层。模拟表明,在稳定状态下,热相的热对流平衡了辐射冷却。但是,许多功能令人困惑。例如,尽管未解决此类前沿的无尺度,分形结构,但热气似乎还是在数值上融合。此外,热气热通量具有特征性速度$ v _ {\ rm in} \ of c _ {\ rm s,cold}(t _ {\ rm cool}/t _ {\ rm cool}/t _ {\ rm sc,sc,cold sc,cold})我们在1D和3D流体动力模拟中重新审视了这些问题。我们发现,仅当数值扩散占主导地位传输时,过度冷却才会发生。即使未解决的场长度,也可能进行收敛。可以通过利用混合层和湍流燃烧之间的相似之处来获得对辐射方面的更深入的物理理解,这些燃烧具有良好的理论和丰富的实验数据。一个关键参数是damköhler编号$ {\ rm da} =τ_ {\ rm turb}/t _ {\ rm cool} $,外涡流周转时间与冷却时间的比率。一旦$ {\ rm da}> 1 $,前片段就成多相介质。就像标量混合一样,涡流周转时间将混合速率设置为无关小尺度扩散。因此,热传导通常的影响有限。我们表明$ v _ {\ rm in} $,可以通过调整燃烧理论量表来详细理解有效的发射率。通过混合长度理论,也可以很好地复制平均密度和温度曲线。这些结果对许多环境中冷气的结构和存活具有影响,以及大规模星系模拟的解决要求。
Radiative mixing layers arise wherever multiphase gas, shear, and radiative cooling are present. Simulations show that in steady state, thermal advection from the hot phase balances radiative cooling. However, many features are puzzling. For instance, hot gas entrainment appears to be numerically converged despite the scale-free, fractal structure of such fronts being unresolved. Additionally, the hot gas heat flux has a characteristic velocity $v_{\rm in} \approx c_{\rm s,cold} (t_{\rm cool}/t_{\rm sc,cold})^{-1/4}$ whose strength and scaling are not intuitive. We revisit these issues in 1D and 3D hydrodynamic simulations. We find that over-cooling only happens if numerical diffusion dominates thermal transport; convergence is still possible even when the Field length is unresolved. A deeper physical understanding of radiative fronts can be obtained by exploiting parallels between mixing layers and turbulent combustion, which has well-developed theory and abundant experimental data. A key parameter is the Damköhler number ${\rm Da} = τ_{\rm turb}/t_{\rm cool}$, the ratio of the outer eddy turnover time to the cooling time. Once ${\rm Da} > 1$, the front fragments into a multiphase medium. Just as for scalar mixing, the eddy turnover time sets the mixing rate, independent of small scale diffusion. For this reason, thermal conduction often has limited impact. We show that $v_{\rm in}$ and the effective emissivity can be understood in detail by adapting combustion theory scalings. Mean density and temperature profiles can also be reproduced remarkably well by mixing length theory. These results have implications for the structure and survival of cold gas in many settings, and resolution requirements for large scale galaxy simulations.