论文标题
基于ACES频率链接的三频组合测试重力红移以测试重力红移
Formulation to test gravitational redshift based on the tri-frequency combination of ACES frequency links
论文作者
论文摘要
太空中的原子钟合奏（ACES）是一项ESA任务，主要旨在测试带有高性能原子钟在太空和地面上的引力红移。该实验的关键部分在于其双向微波连接（MWL），它使用载波频率13.475 GHz（KU频段）的上行链路和载波频率的下行链路14.70333 GHz（KU频段）（KU频段）和2248 MHz（s band）（S频段）进行传输时间和频率。基于时间比较的公式已经研究了十多年。但是，使用频率比较而不是时间比较与测试重力红移存在优势。因此，我们基于ACES和一个接地站之间的三个独立MWL的频移测量，开发了三频组合（TFC）方法。潜在的科学对象需要原子钟的稳定性至少$ 3 \ times10^{ - 16} $/天，因此我们必须考虑各种效果，包括多普勒效应，二阶多普勒效应，大气频移，潮汐效应，由大气和shapiro效应引起的，具有精确水平的centemetemetersersersersersersersersersersersersersersersersersersersersersersersersersersersersersersersertimeterserserserserserserserserserserserserserserserserserserserserserserserserserserserserse则均具有。 ACES有效载荷将按照2021年中期的计划进行启动，本研究中提出的配方将在准确的水平至少$ 2 \ times10^{ - 6} $的准确度上测试重力红移，该订单比目前的准确度高于目前的订单，该订单的准确度高于目前的$ 7 \ times10^{-5^{ - 5} $。
Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space (ACES) is an ESA mission mainly designed to test gravitational redshift with high-performance atomic clocks in space and on the ground. A crucial part of this experiment lies in its two-way Microwave Link (MWL), which uses the uplink of carrier frequency 13.475 GHz (Ku band) and downlinks of carrier frequencies 14.70333 GHz (Ku band) and 2248 MHz (S band) to transfer time and frequency. The formulation based on the time comparison has been studied for over a decade. However, there are advantages of using frequency comparison instead of time comparison to test gravitational redshift. Hence, we develop a tri-frequency combination (TFC) method based on the measurements of the frequency shifts of three independent MWLs between ACES and a ground station. The potential scientific object requires stabilities of atomic clocks at least $3\times10^{-16}$/day, so we must consider various effects, including the Doppler effect, second-order Doppler effect, atmospheric frequency shift, tidal effects, refraction caused by the atmosphere, and Shapiro effect, with accuracy levels of tens of centimeters. The ACES payload will be launched as previously planned in the middle of 2021, and the formulation proposed in this study will enable testing gravitational redshift at an accuracy level of at least $2\times10^{-6}$, which is more than one order higher than the present accuracy level of $7\times10^{-5}$.
