论文标题
超轻的典型暗物质
Ultralight Fermionic Dark Matter
论文作者
论文摘要
根据Pauli的排除原则，来自Tremaine和Gunn的传统传说将费尔米金的暗物质排除在几百ev中。我们强调了一种简单的方法，即逃避了许多物种，导致许多不平凡的后果。在这种情况下，有许多不同的费米斯物种具有准排优化质量，并且与标准模型没有耦合。但是，重力相互作用导致了LHC，宇宙射线，超新星以及黑洞旋转和寿命的测量的限制。我们发现LHC限制了比$ \ sim 500 $ gev的不同物种，玻色子或费米子的数量，为$ n \ sillsim 10^{62} $。特别是，这意味着大致退化的费米子暗物质必须比$ \ sim 10^{ - 14} $ eV重，因此，这使tremaine-gunn宽松，由$ \ sim \ sim 16 $ 16 $的数量级。从宇宙射线测量值中存在最高$ \ sim100 $ tev的质量的约束略有弱的约束，而对质量的各种约束$ \ lyseSim10^{ - 10} $ ev从黑洞观测中应用了。我们考虑了颗粒物种数量的各种现象学界限。最后，我们注意到，存在有关量子重力的理论考虑因素，这可能会施加更严重的约束，从而将物理状态的数量限制在$ n \ lyssim 10^{32} $中。
Conventional lore from Tremaine and Gunn excludes fermionic dark matter lighter than a few hundred eV, based on the Pauli exclusion principle. We highlight a simple way of evading this bound with a large number of species that leads to numerous non-trivial consequences. In this scenario there are many distinct species of fermions with quasi-degenerate masses and no couplings to the standard model. Nonetheless, gravitational interactions lead to constraints from measurements at the LHC, of cosmic rays, of supernovae, and of black hole spins and lifetimes. We find that the LHC constrains the number of distinct species, bosons or fermions lighter than $\sim 500$ GeV, to be $N \lesssim 10^{62}$. This, in particular, implies that roughly degenerate fermionic dark matter must be heavier than $\sim 10^{-14}$ eV, which thus relaxes the Tremaine-Gunn bound by $\sim 16$ orders of magnitude. Slightly weaker constraints applying to masses up to $\sim100$ TeV exist from cosmic ray measurements while various constraints on masses $\lesssim10^{-10}$ eV apply from black hole observations. We consider a variety of phenomenological bounds on the number of species of particles. Finally, we note that there exist theoretical considerations regarding quantum gravity which could impose more severe constraints that may limit the number of physical states to $N\lesssim 10^{32}$.
