论文标题
通过管状合奏测量不可逆性和熵产生
Measurement of irreversibility and entropy production via the tubular ensemble
论文作者
论文摘要
随机过程中不可逆性的有吸引力的理论衡量标准，因为轨迹的概率及其时间逆转的比率无法在实验中直接访问，因为单个轨迹的概率为零，因此无法直接访问。我们通过考虑将轨迹留在平滑路径的管状邻居及其时间逆转的概率的限制比率来定期。所得的路径介质熵产生与随机热力学的形式表达一致，并且可以从可测量的管概率中获得。从数值采样的轨迹中估算后者的Langevin动力学与理论产生了极好的一致性。通过将我们对路径熵产生的测量与马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛算法相结合，我们可以直接从短期记录的轨迹中推断出过渡路径集合的熵产生分布。我们的工作可以以无模型的方式沿单个路径和路径组合来测量不可逆性。
The appealing theoretical measure of irreversibility in a stochastic process, as the ratio of the probabilities of a trajectory and its time reversal, cannot be accessed directly in experiment since the probability of a single trajectory is zero. We regularize this definition by considering, instead, the limiting ratio of probabilities for trajectories to remain in the tubular neighborhood of a smooth path and its time reversal. The resulting pathwise medium entropy production agrees with the formal expression from stochastic thermodynamics, and can be obtained from measurable tube probabilities. Estimating the latter from numerically sampled trajectories for Langevin dynamics yields excellent agreement with theory. By combining our measurement of pathwise entropy production with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm, we infer the entropy-production distribution for a transition path ensemble directly from short recorded trajectories. Our work enables the measurement of irreversibility along individual paths, and path ensembles, in a model-free manner.
