论文标题
通过碳退回义务对永久二氧化碳处置的可持续融资
Sustainable financing of permanent CO2 disposal through a Carbon Takeback Obligation
论文作者
论文摘要
除非有立即，前所未有的，否则全球对碳密集型能源和产品的需求减少，然后将需要在本世纪中叶之前捕获和永久存储数十亿吨二氧化碳（CO2）以实现巴黎协议目标。然而，较便宜，临时，碳存储的竞争意味着永久处置仍然饿死了投资，目前约占能源和工业流程（EIP）排放的0.1％。该存储的分数必须达到100％，以阻止EIP引起全球变暖。在这里，我们表明，通过对化石燃料生产商和进口商的进行性碳撤回义务（CTO），可以通过提出越来越多的储存分数来进行成本效益的过渡。在传统的1.5°C方案中，直到2040年代，对消费者的储存成本低于定价碳排放，此后可比或较低。 CTO与减少二氧化碳生产的措施相结合的措施将提供最低风险的途径，以达到净净净。
Unless there is immediate, unprecedented, reduction in global demand for carbon-intensive energy and products, then capture and permanent storage of billions of tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) annually will be needed before mid-century to meet Paris Agreement goals. Yet competition from cheaper, temporary, carbon storage means that permanent disposal remains starved of investment, currently representing about 0.1% of Energy and Industrial Process (EIP) emissions. This stored fraction must reach 100% to stop EIPs causing global warming. Here we show that a cost-effective transition can occur by mandating an increasing stored fraction through a progressive Carbon Takeback Obligation (CTO) on fossil fuel producers and importers. Projected costs of storage to the consumer are lower than pricing carbon emissions in conventional 1.5°C scenarios until the 2040s, and comparable or lower thereafter. A CTO combined with measures to reduce CO2 production would deliver the lowest-risk pathway to achieving net zero.
