论文标题

最准确的AI是最好的队友吗?优化团队合作的AI

Is the Most Accurate AI the Best Teammate? Optimizing AI for Teamwork

论文作者

Bansal, Gagan, Nushi, Besmira, Kamar, Ece, Horvitz, Eric, Weld, Daniel S.

论文摘要

AI从业人员通常努力开发最准确的系统,这是一个隐含的假设,即AI系统将自动起作用。但是,实际上,AI系统通常用于向从刑事司法和金融到医疗保健的领域中的人们提供建议。在这样的AI顾问决策中,人类和机器组成了一个团队,人类负责做出最终决定。但是最准确的AI是最好的队友吗?我们认为“否” - 可预测的性能可能值得一定的AI准确性牺牲。取而代之的是,我们认为应以人为中心的方式对AI系统进行培训,直接对团队绩效进行优化。我们研究了针对特定类型的人类团队的建议,在该团队中,人类监督者选择接受AI建议或本身解决任务。为了优化该环境的团队绩效,我们最大程度地提高了团队的预期公用事业,这是根据最终决定的质量,验证成本以及人和机器的个人准确性表示的。我们在现实世界中使用线性和非线性模型进行的实验,高风险数据集表明,最准确性AI可能不会导致最高的团队绩效,并通过改进跨数据集的预期团队实用程序在培训过程中对团队合作进行建模的好处,考虑到人类技能等参数,例如人类技能和失误的成本。我们讨论了当前优化方法的缺点,除了众所周知的损失功能,并鼓励以人类协作促进的AI优化​​问题的未来工作。

AI practitioners typically strive to develop the most accurate systems, making an implicit assumption that the AI system will function autonomously. However, in practice, AI systems often are used to provide advice to people in domains ranging from criminal justice and finance to healthcare. In such AI-advised decision making, humans and machines form a team, where the human is responsible for making final decisions. But is the most accurate AI the best teammate? We argue "No" -- predictable performance may be worth a slight sacrifice in AI accuracy. Instead, we argue that AI systems should be trained in a human-centered manner, directly optimized for team performance. We study this proposal for a specific type of human-AI teaming, where the human overseer chooses to either accept the AI recommendation or solve the task themselves. To optimize the team performance for this setting we maximize the team's expected utility, expressed in terms of the quality of the final decision, cost of verifying, and individual accuracies of people and machines. Our experiments with linear and non-linear models on real-world, high-stakes datasets show that the most accuracy AI may not lead to highest team performance and show the benefit of modeling teamwork during training through improvements in expected team utility across datasets, considering parameters such as human skill and the cost of mistakes. We discuss the shortcoming of current optimization approaches beyond well-studied loss functions such as log-loss, and encourage future work on AI optimization problems motivated by human-AI collaboration.

扫码加入交流群

加入微信交流群

微信交流群二维码

扫码加入学术交流群,获取更多资源