论文标题
NGC 3221的热热，延伸，大规模的环境培养基：XMM-Newton Discovery
The warm-hot, extended, massive circumgalactic medium of NGC 3221: an XMM-Newton discovery
论文作者
论文摘要
使用Suzaku数据，我们在L $^\ STAR $ GALAXY NGC 3221中找到了X射线发射热热的圆形培养基（CGM）的3.4σ$证据。在这里，我们提供了XMM-Newton数据，并概述了一种有效的，严格的，严格且精心定义的方法来提取淡淡的CGM信号。我们在30-200 kpc的银河系中确认CGM检测$4σ$。我们以$ 99.62 \％$的信心声称，CGM延长了$ 150 $ kpc。 CGM的平均温度为2.0 $^{+0.2} _ { - 0.3} \ times 10^6 $ k，但不是等温度。我们发现有暗示性的证据表明温度梯度下降至125 kpc和100 kpc以内的超级病毒温度。尽管已经以银河系CGM检测到了超级病毒温度成分，但这是在任何螺旋星系的热热CGM中首次观察到温度梯度。发射度量曲线非常适合，符合$β-$模型或恒定密度曲线。需要更深入的数据来限制温度和密度曲线。我们还证实了Suzaku的结果，即热热的CGM是NGC 3221中最庞大的Baryon组件之一，可以解释缺失的银河重子。
Using Suzaku data, we had found a $3.4σ$ evidence for the X-ray emitting warm-hot circumgalactic medium (CGM) in the L$^\star$ galaxy NGC 3221. Here we present XMM-Newton data and outline an efficient, rigorous and well-defined method to extract the faint CGM signal. We confirm the CGM detection at $4σ$ significance within 30-200 kpc of the galaxy. We claim with $99.62\%$ confidence that the CGM is extended beyond $150$ kpc. The average temperature of the CGM is 2.0$^{+0.2}_{-0.3} \times 10^6$ K, but it is not isothermal. We find suggestive evidence for a declining temperature gradient out to 125 kpc and for super-virial temperature within 100 kpc. While a super-virial temperature component has been detected in the Milky Way CGM, this is the first time a temperature gradient has been observed in the warm-hot CGM of any spiral galaxy. The emission measure profile is well-fit with either a $β-$ model or a constant density profile. Deeper data are required to constrain the temperature and density profiles. We also confirm the Suzaku result that the warm-hot CGM is one of the most massive baryon components of NGC 3221 and can account for the missing galactic baryons.
