论文标题

在密集的LTE-U/Wi-Fi共存方案中,机器学习启用了频谱共享

Machine Learning enabled Spectrum Sharing in Dense LTE-U/Wi-Fi Coexistence Scenarios

论文作者

Dziedzic, Adam, Sathya, Vanlin, Rochman, Muhammad Iqbal, Ghosh, Monisha, Krishnan, Sanjay

论文摘要

事实证明,机器学习(ML)技术在复杂的工程问题上的应用被证明是一种有吸引力和高效的解决方案。 ML已成功应用于几项实用任务,例如图像识别,自动化工业操作等。ML技术在解决非线性问题方面的承诺影响了这项工作,该工作旨在应用已知的ML技术并为无线谱系中的Wi-Fi和LTE之间的无线谱系共享开发新的工作。在这项工作中,我们专注于LTE-U论坛开发的LTE Unlicensed(LTE-U)规范,该论坛使用占空比的方法进行公平共存。该规范表明,当共沟通Wi-Fi基本服务集(BSSS)的数量从一个到或两个或更多时,在LTE-U基站(BS)处降低了占空比。但是,在不解码Wi-Fi数据包的情况下,可以实时检测在通道上运行的Wi-Fi BSS的数量是一个挑战性的问题。在这项工作中,我们演示了一种基于ML的新方法,该方法通过使用LTE-U关闭持续时间观察到的能量值来解决此问题。与解码整个Wi-Fi数据包相比,仅观察LTE-U BS闭合时间期间的能量值相对简单,这将需要在LTE-U基础站点进行完整的Wi-Fi接收器。我们通过实时实验实施并验证了基于ML的方法,并证明一个和许多Wi-Fi AP传输之间的能量分布之间存在不同的模式。与现有的自动相关(AC)和能量检测方法(ED)方法相比,提出的基于ML的方法可导致更高的精度(在所有情况下接近99 \%)。

The application of Machine Learning (ML) techniques to complex engineering problems has proved to be an attractive and efficient solution. ML has been successfully applied to several practical tasks like image recognition, automating industrial operations, etc. The promise of ML techniques in solving non-linear problems influenced this work which aims to apply known ML techniques and develop new ones for wireless spectrum sharing between Wi-Fi and LTE in the unlicensed spectrum. In this work, we focus on the LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) specification developed by the LTE-U Forum, which uses the duty-cycle approach for fair coexistence. The specification suggests reducing the duty cycle at the LTE-U base-station (BS) when the number of co-channel Wi-Fi basic service sets (BSSs) increases from one to two or more. However, without decoding the Wi-Fi packets, detecting the number of Wi-Fi BSSs operating on the channel in real-time is a challenging problem. In this work, we demonstrate a novel ML-based approach which solves this problem by using energy values observed during the LTE-U OFF duration. It is relatively straightforward to observe only the energy values during the LTE-U BS OFF time compared to decoding the entire Wi-Fi packet, which would require a full Wi-Fi receiver at the LTE-U base-station. We implement and validate the proposed ML-based approach by real-time experiments and demonstrate that there exist distinct patterns between the energy distributions between one and many Wi-Fi AP transmissions. The proposed ML-based approach results in a higher accuracy (close to 99\% in all cases) as compared to the existing auto-correlation (AC) and energy detection (ED) approaches.

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