论文标题
停止时间的热力学第二定律
Second law of thermodynamics at stopping times
论文作者
论文摘要
介观系统中的事件通常在第一阶段时间发生，例如，避免亚稳态的胶体粒子的情况。一个有趣的问题是，当粒子逃脱亚稳态时，外部代理在粒子上完成了多少工作。我们开发了一种在介质系统中终止停止时间的过程中的热力学理论，该过程概括了第一学期时间。该理论意味着热力学结合，让人联想到热力学的第二定律，因为外部方案在停止时间上的外部方案在介质系统上施加的工作。作为例证，我们使用该定律来绑定将聚合物延伸到一定长度或让粒子从亚稳态逃脱的工作所需的工作。
Events in mesoscopic systems often take place at first-passage times, as is for instance the case for a colloidal particle that escapes a metastable state. An interesting question is how much work an external agent has done on a particle when it escapes a metastable state. We develop a thermodynamic theory for processes in mesoscopic systems that terminate at stopping times, which generalize first-passage times. This theory implies a thermodynamic bound, reminiscent of the second law of thermodynamics, for the work exerted by an external protocol on a mesoscopic system at a stopping time. As an illustration, we use this law to bound the work required to stretch a polymer to a certain length or to let a particle escape from a metastable state.
